{"id":923,"date":"2024-07-31T09:34:28","date_gmt":"2024-07-31T07:34:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.sutilweb.eu\/?page_id=923"},"modified":"2024-07-31T09:34:28","modified_gmt":"2024-07-31T07:34:28","slug":"05-las-direcciones-ip-y-el-sistema-de-nombres-de-dominio","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sutilweb.eu\/index.php\/otros\/como-funciona-la-web\/05-las-direcciones-ip-y-el-sistema-de-nombres-de-dominio\/","title":{"rendered":"05. Las direcciones IP y el sistema de nombres de dominio"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Los <strong>nombres de dominio<\/strong> se tienen que transformar en <strong>direcciones IP<\/strong>, ya que ese es el sistema que realmente se emplea para identificar un ordenador en Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f3mo se realiza<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Una <strong>direcci\u00f3n IP<\/strong> identifica un ordenador o cualquier otro dispositivo de red, como un <strong>router<\/strong> o un <strong>switch<\/strong> en Internet. Cualquier dispositivo que se conecta a Internet, ya sea un ordenador, una tablet o un m\u00f3vil, tiene asignada una <strong>direcci\u00f3n IP.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sistemas de direccionamiento<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En la actualidad existen dos <strong>sistemas de direccionamiento,<\/strong> dos <strong>conjuntos de direcciones IP<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>IPv4:<\/strong> se expresan por un n\u00famero <strong>binario de 32 bits<\/strong>, permitiendo un espacio de direcciones de hasta 4.294.967.296 direcciones.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IPv6:<\/strong> debido a que <strong>IPv4<\/strong> se ha quedado peque\u00f1o, se ha desarrollado <strong>IPv6,<\/strong> las cuales se expresan por un n\u00famero <strong>binario de 128 bits<\/strong>, permitiendo un espacio de direccionamiento de hasta 3,4 x 10<sup>38<\/sup>, lo que permite que cada persona en la Tierra pueda hacer uso de millones de <strong>direcciones IP.<\/strong> Como las <strong>direcciones IPv6<\/strong> son m\u00e1s largas, se emplea la <strong>notaci\u00f3n hexadecimal,<\/strong> 4 d\u00edgitos hexadecimales separados por dos puntos (:).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IPv6<\/strong> tiene que sustituir a <strong>IPv4,<\/strong> pero por diversas razones su implantaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 siendo muy lenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Correspondencia entre nombres de dominio y direcciones IP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Entre los <strong>nombres de dominio<\/strong> y las <strong>direcciones IP<\/strong> existe una correspondencia. Los <strong>nombres de dominio<\/strong> se transforman en <strong>direcciones IP<\/strong> mediante un sistema denominado <strong>DNS (Domain Name System),<\/strong> un sistema de nombres de dominio en espa\u00f1ol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Su funcionamiento es un poco complejo, se trata de una base de datos distribuida entre diferentes ordenadores, los <strong>servidores<\/strong> de <strong>DNS,<\/strong> que se comunican entre s\u00ed. Cada <strong>servidor DNS<\/strong> tiene una tabla con la correspondencia entre los <strong>nombres de dominio<\/strong> y las <strong>direcciones IP,<\/strong> y cuando un servidor no dispone de una correspondencia concreta, sabe a que servidor le tiene que preguntar para obtener la respuesta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El uso de <strong>DNS<\/strong> ofrece numerosas ventajas, los <strong>nombres de dominio<\/strong> son m\u00e1s f\u00e1ciles de recordar, tambi\u00e9n es m\u00e1s fiable, la <strong>direcci\u00f3n IP<\/strong> puede cambiar por diversas razones, sin que tenga que hacerlo el <strong>nombre de dominio.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los nombres de dominio se tienen que transformar en direcciones IP, ya que ese es el sistema que realmente se [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":907,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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